The anthropometric and body composition data of newborns and infants acquired using air displacement plethysmography (PeaPod®) were collected at 96 h, 1 month, 2 months and 4 months of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether gestational weight gain influences the body composition of full-term newborns and infants up to 4 months old.Ī cohort study was performed with 124 participants divided into categories of gestational weight gain according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. The association between gestational weight gain and neonatal body composition has been inconsistent, exposing the need for further research. This implies that emphasis should be given on maternal health and nutrition for the birth outcome. This review identified several factors such as the mother’s food habits, comorbidities, BMI and gestational weight gain as the determinants of low birth weight. Low pre-pregnancy BMI, inadequate GWG, intake of confectioneries and condiments, and high blood pressure were associated with low birth weight.
Factors associated with fetal macrosomia included high pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), excess gestational weight gain (GWG) and high blood glucose levels. Increased maternal fruit intake was also associated with increased birth weight. Studies showed that maternal micronutrient intakes including calcium, iron, vitamin D, folic acid, and niacin fell short of the national recommendations. Seventeen studies published from 1972 to 2021 were included, following the PRISMA-ScR guideline. Extracted data included details about the population characteristics, study methods and key findings related to the review objectives. Three reviewers independently screened the abstracts and full articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study objectives were to examine: (1) the adequacy of micronutrient intake among pregnant women and (2) the association of maternal factors (anthropometry, diet, plasma glucose and blood pressure) during pregnancy with IBW.Įleven search engines such as Proquest, EbscoHost, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, MyJournal, BookSC and Inter Library Loan with Medical Library Group were extensively searched to identify the primary articles. We conducted a systematic scoping review of the best available evidence regarding dietary intake of Malaysian pregnant women, and the associations of maternal diet, anthropometry, and nutrition-related co-morbidities with the infant’s birth weight (IBW).
Women’s diet and nutritional status during pregnancy are important in influencing birth outcomes. Therefore, INTERGROWTH-21st standards seem to be a better fit for healthy women in this population. GWG above the recommendations of both methods and below the INTERGROWTH-21st standard was associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Inappropriate GWG remains a health concern irrespective of the method used to classify weight gain. Women with GWG below the INTERGROWTH-21st standards were more likely to deliver an infant SGA and with lower BW z-scores.
Both methods also indicated that new-borns of women with excessive GWG had higher BW z-scores and increased risk of macrosomia and LGA. Among women with normal pre-pregnancy body mass indices (BMIs, n = 658), inappropriate GWG was high following both methods (IOM: 41.2% insufficient, 24.8% excessive INTERGROWTH-21st: 25.2% below − 1 z-score, 16.9% above 1 z-score). Insufficient GWG was associated with lower new-born BW z-scores. Excessive GWG was associated with higher new-born birthweight (BW) z-scores increased risks of macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA), and caesarean delivery and lower risks of low birthweight (LBW) and being small for gestational age (SGA). Poisson and linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate associations with perinatal outcomes.įollowing IOM guidelines (n = 1305), the rates of insufficient and excessive GWG were found to be similar (32%). GWG was classified according to two methods, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines and INTERGROWTH-21st standards. To investigate the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and perinatal outcomes in pregnant Amazonian women.ĭata from 1305 mother–child pairs from the MINA-Brazil population-based birth cohort study were used.
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